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King John of England
He lost Normandy, lost the battle of Bouvines, and was forced to sign Magna Carta — and the document that defined his failure became the foundation of constitutional rights everywhere.
1166–1216
Life Journey
A reign of conflict, resistance and constitutional change
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1166–1185
Youngest son
Born as the youngest son of a powerful king, John grew up with limited expectations of rule but close exposure to royal politics.
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Feudalism and Medieval Society
From the estates of Charlemagne's empire to the flowering of Gothic cathedrals, this story explores how feudal hierarchies, manorial agriculture, and Church authority shaped the lives of kings, knights, and peasants alike.
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